Robert
Marzano and Instructional Strategies that Work
Research: http://classroom.leanderisd.org/webs/marzano/
Robert
J. Marzano in his book, Instructional Strategies That Work,
has researched various instructional strategies that can have
a major impact on student achievement.
The Essential Nine
Strategies Include:
1. Identifying similarities
and differences
2. Summarizing and note taking
3. Reinforcing effort and providing recognition
4. Homework and practice
5. Nonlinguistic representations
6. Cooperative learning
7. Setting objectives and providing feedback
8. Generating and testing hypotheses
9. Cues, questions, and advance organizers
*See handout for
the average percentile point gains on student achievement tests
and additional information
To tie
this into what we have been this year with reading and math, we
will investigate the one with the most impact, Identifying
Similarities and Differences with a 45 percentile point
gain. Using this strategy enhances students' understanding of
and ability to use knowledge.
4
Highly Effective "forms" to identify similarities and
differences:
Comparing
Classifying
Creating Metaphors
Creating Analogies
Comparing
The
identification of important characteristics is the key to effective
comparison.
It is
these characteristices that are then used as the basis to identify
similarities and differences.
Example:
Compare the use of literary elements within and among texts including
characters, setting, plot, theme, and point of view.
We will try this in a few minutes
Link to Graphic Organizers
for Comparing
Classifying
The
process of grouping things that are alike into categories on the
basis of their characteristics.
It is
critical to identify the rules that govern class or category membership.
Example:
Invertebrates:animals without a backbone or spinal column
Vertebrates:animals
with a backbone or spinal column
Link to Graphic Organizers
for Classification
Creating
Metaphors
The
two items in a metaphor are connected by an abstract or nonliteral
relationship.
Example:
Love is a rose.
Cindy
was such a mule. We couldn't get her to change her mind.
Link to Graphic Organizer
for Metaphors
Creating
Analogies
Analogies
help us to see how seemingly dissimilar things are similar.
They
increase our understanding of new information.
Example:
Carpenter is to hammer as painter is to brush.
Hot
is to cold as day is to night.
Oxygen
is to humans as carbon dioxide is to plants.
Core
is to earth as nucleus is to atom.
Link to Graphic Organizers
for Analogies
Let's try finding Similarities and Differences
1. On the note card, write
down the name of a famous person
2. Trade it with someone
3. We will Listen to Backward Bill (Light in the Attic
by Shel Silverstein )--DO NOT GO TO THE LINK NOW, IT IS FOR
YOUR REFERENCE LATER (http://play.rhapsody.com/shelsilverstein/alightintheattic/backwardbill?didAutoplayBounce=true)
4. Come up with similarities and differences between the famous
person on your card and Backward Bill
5. Go to READWRITETHINK.org
http://www.readwritethink.org/student_mat/index.asp
6. Find the VENN Diagram with 2 Circles and make a Venn Diagram
to illustrate the similarities and differences
7. How could this strategy be used in your content area?
A site to generate a printed
Venn Diagram with topics: (For some reason you have to cop/paste
this link into your browser to get to the correct site).
http://www.sites4teachers.com/links/redirect.php?url=http://teachers.teach-nology.com/web_tools/graphic_org/venn_diagrams/
Another Venn Diagram site
from ReadingQuest:
http://www.readingquest.org/strat/venn.html
*Be sure to check out
the other possibilities for reading and writing and thinking at
this web site. They can be used as a whole group activity or by
individual students.
Link to PowerPoint Presentation
with more Information about Marzano
Link to PowerPoint Presentation
about High Yielding Results with Marzano
